Detailed vertical wind speed profiles are essential for wind energy resource assessment, but direct measurement campaigns are expensive and spatially limited. Global reanalysis datasets such as ERA5 provide broad coverage but at coarse vertical resolution. Bridging this gap — estimating …

Accurate wind gust information is critical for nowcasting applications in aviation, energy dispatch, and emergency management. Surface observation networks such as the Oklahoma Mesonet provide only sparse, unevenly distributed point measurements — insufficient on their own to characterize the …

Numerical weather prediction with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model depends critically on physics parameterization choices. For tropical cyclone forecasting over the Bay of Bengal, default parameter values are not tuned for regional conditions, leading to systematic errors in wind …